Evolution of the Preemption Standard
How courts and regulators have defined when federal law displaces state bank regulation —
from initial conflict preemption through Barnett Bank, the OCC's 2004 expansion, Dodd-Frank's codification,
and the Supreme Court's 2024 "nuanced comparative analysis" requirement.
Preemption Standard Stringency (More Pro-Bank → Less Pro-Bank) · positions are qualitative; click a marker to open its timeline entry
OCC 2004'Obstruct, impair'
Barnett Bank'Significantly interfere'
Dodd-FrankCodified + Skidmore
Cantero 2024No bright line; case-by-case
Persistent Tensions in OCC Preemption